python file operations

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Python File Operations (Read, Write, Append, Delete)

Everything you need for handling files in Python.
## 1. Write to a File
Creates a file if it does not exist. Overwrites if it exists.
data = “Hello, this is a sample text file.”
with open(“sample.txt”, “w”) as file:
    file.write(data)
This creates sample.txt with the content:
Hello, this is a sample text file.

## 2. Read a File

Read entire file:
with open(“sample.txt”, “r”) as file:
    content = file.read()
print(content)
Read line-by-line:
with open(“sample.txt”, “r”) as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line.strip())
Read all lines in a list:
with open(“sample.txt”, “r”) as file:
    lines = file.readlines()
print(lines)
## 3. Append to a File
Adds content at the end without erasing existing data.
with open(“sample.txt”, “a”) as file:
    file.write(“\nThis line is appended.”)
## 4. Write Multiple Lines
lines = [“First line\n”, “Second line\n”, “Third line\n”]
with open(“sample.txt”, “w”) as file:
    file.writelines(lines)
## 5. Read & Write JSON File
(Useful file format)
Write:
import json
data = {“name”: “Shanvi”, “age”: 25}
with open(“data.json”, “w”) as file:
    json.dump(data, file, indent=2)
Read:
import json
with open(“data.json”, “r”) as file:
    data = json.load(file)
print(data)
## 6. Check if File Exists
import os
if os.path.exists(“sample.txt”):
    print(“File exists!”)
else:
    print(“File not found!”)
## 7. Rename a File
import os
os.rename(“sample.txt”, “newfile.txt”)
## 8. Delete a File
import os
if os.path.exists(“newfile.txt”):
    os.remove(“newfile.txt”)
## 9. Create a Folder
import os
os.mkdir(“datafolder”)
## 10. List Files in a Folder
import os
files = os.listdir(“.”)
print(files)
## 11. Copy Files
import shutil
shutil.copy(“sample.txt”, “backup_sample.txt”)
## 12. Move Files
import shutil
shutil.move(“sample.txt”, “datafolder/sample.txt”)
## 13. Open File in Binary Mode
Used for images, PDFs, etc.
Read binary:
with open(“image.png”, “rb”) as file:
    data = file.read()
Write binary:
with open(“output.png”, “wb”) as file:
    file.write(data)
## 14. Write Using Context Manager (Best Practice)
Exactly like you asked — same style as:
with open(“file.txt”, “w”) as file:
    file.write(“content”)
Context manager ensures the file closes automatically.
🔥 Want real-time projects using file operations?
Examples available:
✅ Log reader
✅ Config loader
✅ File-based key-value store
✅ CSV processing
Just tell me!
Python JSON File Operations (Read, Write, Update, Append)
Using Python’s built-in json module.
## 1. Write JSON File
Creates a JSON file or overwrites if it exists.
import json
data = {
    “name”: “Shanvi”,
    “age”: 25,
    “skills”: [“Python”, “ML”, “DevOps”]
}
with open(“data.json”, “w”) as file:
    json.dump(data, file, indent=2)
Creates data.json:
{
  “name”: “Shanvi”,
  “age”: 25,
  “skills”: [
    “Python”,
    “ML”,
    “DevOps”
  ]
}
## 2. Read JSON File
import json
with open(“data.json”, “r”) as file:
    data = json.load(file)
print(data)
print(data[“skills”])
## 3. Update JSON File
Load → modify → save back.
import json
# read
with open(“data.json”, “r”) as file:
    data = json.load(file)
# update fields
data[“age”] = 26
data[“skills”].append(“AWS”)
# write back
with open(“data.json”, “w”) as file:
    json.dump(data, file, indent=2)
## 4. Append Data to JSON File
JSON does not support direct append, so you must:
Read file
Update Python dictionary/list
Write again
Example: append a new object into a list.
import json
with open(“users.json”, “r”) as file:
    users = json.load(file)
new_user = {“name”: “Ravi”, “age”: 30}
users.append(new_user)
with open(“users.json”, “w”) as file:
    json.dump(users, file, indent=2)
## 5. Read JSON Lines (JSONL) File
Each line is a separate JSON object.
Example logs.jsonl:
{“event”:”start”,”time”:”10:00″}
{“event”:”stop”,”time”:”10:05″}
Parsing JSONL:
import json
with open(“logs.jsonl”, “r”) as file:
    for line in file:
        log = json.loads(line)
        print(log)
## 6. Write Multiple JSON Objects (JSONL format)
import json
data = [
    {“id”: 1, “msg”: “Hello”},
    {“id”: 2, “msg”: “World”}
]
with open(“logs.jsonl”, “w”) as file:
    for item in data:
        file.write(json.dumps(item) + “\n”)
## 7. Convert Dictionary → JSON String
import json
data = {“a”: 1, “b”: 2}
json_string = json.dumps(data, indent=2)
print(json_string)
## 8. Convert JSON String → Python Dictionary
import json
json_str = ‘{“name”:”Shanvi”,”age”:25}’
data = json.loads(json_str)
print(data)
## 9. Handle Missing Keys
value = data.get(“address”, “not available”)
print(value)
## 10. Pretty Printing JSON
print(json.dumps(data, indent=4, sort_keys=True))
## 11. Check if JSON File Exists
import os
if os.path.exists(“data.json”):
    print(“Exists”)
## 12. Delete JSON File
import os
if os.path.exists(“data.json”):
    os.remove(“data.json”)
🚀 Want examples on real projects using JSON?
I can show:
✅ Storing user profiles
✅ API response parsing
✅ Logging system
✅ Config management
Just tell me!

1. Install PyYAML

pip install pyyaml

#️⃣ 2. Read YAML File

Example config.yaml:

database:
host: localhost
port: 3306
user: root
password: admin

Python code to read YAML

import yaml
with open("config.yaml", "r") as file:
    data = yaml.safe_load(file)
     print(data)
     print(data["database"]["host"])

Output

{
'database': {
'host': 'localhost',
'port': 3306,
'user': 'root',
'password': 'admin'
}
}
localhost

#️⃣ 3. Write YAML File

Python code

import yaml
data = {
"app": {
"name": "MyApp",
"version": "1.0",
"debug": True
}
}
with open("app.yaml", "w") as file:
  yaml.dump(data, file)

Creates a YAML file:

app:
name: MyApp
version: '1.0'
debug: true

#️⃣ 4. Update YAML File

Load → modify → write back.

import yaml

# read

with open("config.yaml", "r") as file:

    config = yaml.safe_load(file)

# update

     config["database"]["host"] = "127.0.0.1"

     config["database"]["password"] = "newpass"

# write back

  with open("config.yaml", "w") as file:
          yaml.dump(config, file)

#️⃣ 5. Append New Section

import yaml
with open("config.yaml", "r") as file:
      config = yaml.safe_load(file)
       config["logging"] = {
"level": "INFO",
"file": "app.log"
}
with open("config.yaml", "w") as file:
      yaml.dump(config, file)

#️⃣ 6. Load Multiple YAML Documents

YAML supports multiple docs in one file separated by ---.

Example multi.yaml:

---
name: App1
version: 1

name: App2
version: 2

Read all docs

import yaml

with open(“multi.yaml”, “r”) as file:
docs = list(yaml.safe_load_all(file))

print(docs)


#️⃣ 7. Dump Multiple YAML Docs

import yaml

docs = [
{“name”: “App1”, “version”: 1},
{“name”: “App2”, “version”: 2}
]

with open(“multi.yaml”, “w”) as file:
yaml.dump_all(docs, file)


#️⃣ 8. Pretty Formatting

yaml.dump(data, file, sort_keys=False, default_flow_style=False, indent=2)

#️⃣ 9. Safe vs. Unsafe Loading

Always use:

yaml.safe_load()
yaml.safe_load_all()

Avoid:

yaml.load() # unsafe

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